In this paper, saving as a starting point, through the lighting design light, lamp choices, the rational design of elaborate lighting and other aspects of the program, measures and analyzes the feasibility of energy-efficient lighting methods to provide more effective technical reference for the future of lighting design.
1 Introduction
Statistics show that China's building energy consumption is on the same latitude countries in the world three times, accounting for 27.8% of the country's total primary energy consumption; secondly, lighting, air conditioning and other electrical equipment, accounting for 46% of the total building energy consumption, China's building energy consumption is higher than in developed countries mainly in building insulation and refrigeration, heating systems in poor condition.
With the rapid development of real estate, the demand for ancillary lighting products is growing significantly. On power consumption, lighting products become after air conditioning, heating appliances second major energy consumer. Lighting energy consumption accounts for 25% to 35% of the total building energy consumption, accounting for 13% of the total electricity consumption. The process used in architectural lighting, in addition to its own light source power consumption than its lighting will produce the corresponding heat, which constitute part of the heat is one of the main energy source of the first large building "air conditioning, heating," the . Therefore, energy-saving lighting has become an important aspect of energy efficiency. At present great potential for energy-saving lighting, energy-saving programs in general can achieve energy savings of 20% to 35%, 20% of the conservative calculation, the national energy saving considerable value, imagine played a significant role in the national economy. In the relevant manuals for energy-saving lighting has been given precise definition, to promote energy-saving lighting, does not mean lowering the requirements for visual tasks and reduce lighting quality, energy-efficient lighting is to ensure lighting illumination standards and quality of the premise, to ensure that work is not reduced visual site requirements, aimed at reducing lighting system energy losses, the most efficient use of energy. Lighting specifications proposed in unit required illuminance and power consumption per unit area (W / m2.lx) reduced lighting energy consumption as indicators, and strive to improve illumination. Hereinafter, a plurality of energy-saving lighting technology solutions for analysis.
2, the scientific design of energy-efficient lighting
(1) reasonable lighting line: Loss lighting circuits accounted for about 4% of the input energy, the main factors affecting the loss of lighting circuits and power supply conductors are cross-sectional area. Most of the lighting voltage is 220V, single-phase two-wire lighting system may be, and for two-phase three-wire, three-phase four-wire three ways. Three-phase four-wire power loss is much smaller than other power supply lines. Thus, the lighting system should be adopted in three-phase four-wire power supply.
(2) a suitable switching control mode and take full advantage of natural light: Natural light is free of light, full use of natural light, energy-efficient lighting is one of the important ways, so we must rational design light switches, such as taking control of a separate window lighting etc. measures. Full use of natural light, the correct choice of natural light, but also improve the working environment, people feel comfortable, conducive to health. Take advantage of the utilization of the light receiving surface of the reflective interior, but also can improve the light reflection factor such as a white wall up to 70% to 80%, power saving can also play a role.
Select (3) Lighting the way: in meeting the standards of the condition in order to save electricity, should be properly selected general lighting, local lighting and mixed lighting in three ways. Tall plants such as machine shop, only a general way lighting is difficult to achieve with a lot of light luminance value fine visual tasks required, if each lathe install a partial illumination source, we can achieve very little electricity high illuminance.
(4) different illuminance values: Option illuminance lighting design is an important issue. Low illumination, can damage eyesight staff, affect product quality and production efficiency. Unreasonably high illuminance is a waste of electricity. Select the illumination must be adapted to the visual work carried out. Lighting design lighting design standards promulgated by the state may be selected illuminance, light environment illuminance reasonable value and excellent lighting quality formation can improve work efficiency, improve the user's mood, but also improve the comfort of the space we live in.
3, the light source, lamps, electrical components selection
In the construction industry, both manufacturing lighting needs, atmosphere rendering the space effect, are inseparable from the lighting device. So on energy, the choice of lighting products based on has become very important.
(1) electric light sources commonly used are: ① thermally induced photoelectric sources (such as incandescent, halogen lamps, etc.); ② gas discharge photoelectric source (such as fluorescent lamps, mercury lamps, sodium lamps, metal halide lamps, etc.); ③ solid photoelectric light sources (such as LED and electroluminescent devices, etc.). In these three types of electric light, the luminous efficiency of various power sources are very different, thermally induced photoelectric sources such as incandescent, higher body temperature, the greater the energy it radiates. Use of thermal luminescence principle made electric light source producing simple and low cost, but the luminous efficiency is low, and the rest of the energy consumed in the form of heat places. The gas discharge light-emitting device, such as fluorescent lamps (Florescent), metal halide lamp (Halide), high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps and other gas discharge luminous efficiency of the device will be much higher than the thermal radiation light source, their luminous efficiency of ordinary incandescent several times, under normal circumstances, you can gradually discharge high luminous efficiency of electric light source alternative to gas heat radiation light source. Fluorescent energy saving than incandescent 70% for height of less than 5m workshop and other indoor lighting applications used in offices, dormitories and ceiling. Compact fluorescent light-emitting efficiency is higher than ordinary fluorescent 5%, thin tube fluorescent energy-saving 10% than ordinary fluorescent lamps, therefore, compact fluorescent lamps and fine today, "Green Lighting Project" program launched energy-efficient electric light.
(2) high-pressure mercury lamp, high pressure sodium and metal halide lamps are gas discharge lamp, when the voltage characteristics are the current increases lamp voltage is not increased but decreased, must have a series of positive voltage characteristics element to balance this negative characteristic of this nature element called restrictor or ballast. Ballast impedance with high stability and good voltammetry, high power factor, and low power consumption. So as to stabilize the lamp current, lamp life. Reduce the power loss of the ballast is an energy saving aspect can not be ignored. As good quality 250W sodium lamp ballast power consumption is only 20W ~ 25W, and the poor quality of the power loss of up to 40W.
(3) primary role is the assignment of lamps to a light flux in the desired direction, and to improve the utilization of light to avoid glare. Generally higher efficiency lamps are used materials and advanced technology production of high-reflectance, such as electro-chemical polishing of high-purity aluminum; good light transmission properties of the shield, such as a light-transmissive glass or plexiglass; then there are better sealing performance, energy waterproof and dustproof, minimize the loss of light. Luminaire efficiency refers to the utilization of its luminous flux. Any material of lamps for light radiation flux after reflection and transmission, its efficiency is always less than 1. Suppose the same power source, equipped with a high efficiency lighting, 70% to 80% of its luminous flux are utilized, the other with a lower efficiency lamps, luminous flux is only 40% to 50% utilized. In comparison, the low efficiency of the light source lamp which the power consumed by nearly 30 percent wasted, failed to play its role in this - the point is often overlooked. Therefore, try to choose when selecting lighting distribution curve is good, high efficiency lamps. At present, some lighting manufacturers have developed to produce the reflection rate can reach 95% of the lamps in the actual luminance value calculated with respect to the ordinary lamps, reducing a certain number, which saves cost, but also reduce the total lighting electricity consumption.
In addition, the use of lighting in the process will inevitably be contaminated, such as aluminum oxide reflector, the guard inside and outside dust fouling, etc., will inevitably result in the loss of light, such as unscheduled maintenance, and the same reason described above, the light source most of the power consumed would be lost. Therefore, the choice of lamps to choose achieve IP55 sealing performance over lamps, in order to reduce the maintenance workload.
4, energy-saving lighting management
Good maintenance can save electricity and protect eyesight, enhance the lighting power management is an important aspect of energy-saving lighting. Energy-saving lighting management mainly in the implementation of energy-saving publicity and education and the establishment of energy-saving lighting system based, so that people develop the habit of turning off lights; installed meter by households, the implementation of the meter fee; electricity installation of a dormitory hoppers, limiting electricity, which can effectively reduce the lighting power consumption. When the lamp contamination, the luminous flux may be reduced to 50% or less of normal luminous flux. When light bulbs, lamps, glass, walls dirty, the reflectance and transmittance will be greatly reduced. To ensure the glow of the lamp, the lamp should be cleaned periodically, lamps and wall according to lighting conditions. When the lamp to flash or appear to flicker, to be replaced, because the gas discharge power consumption at start-up, electricity is much greater than usual, which can effectively achieve energy.
5, urban energy-saving lighting
Urban energy-saving lighting is by no means reduce the lighting standards to achieve, should speak saving at all levels to ensure compliance with the appropriate road lighting standards premise. Thus, each road lighting design and construction, we should make full use of solar energy, so that the illuminated environment to achieve lighting standards. First, determine the level of road lighting, rational design according to main roads, secondary roads, residential quarters, such as different lighting situations, in order to maximize the use of solar energy. Usually make several options were analyzed and compared, select from both economical and energy-efficient solutions. In terms of road lighting, generally using a larger installation height and spacing and high-power light source, it is more economical than using a smaller installation height and spacing and small power lamps and energy saving.
6, summary
Energy-saving lighting is a comprehensive work, many aspects involved. Maintaining the proper level of lighting under the premise, to achieve energy is entirely feasible, the potential for energy-saving lighting is great, only through continuous exploration and practice, think big, start small, to find truly achieve energy-saving lighting effects ways to make lighting costs can be reduced, so that the limited electricity to play a greater benefit.
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